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The name Poland is derived from the West Slavic tribe of the Polans ( Polanie ), who in the 5th century settled in the area of today's Greater Poland Voivodeship around Posen ( Poznań ) and Gniezno ( Gniezno ), between the rivers Oder ( Odra ) and Vistula ( Wisła ), settled down. The term Rzeczpospolita is reserved for the Republic of Poland only, other republics are simply referred to as Republika in Polish. In contrast to its Latin meaning, people's cause or public cause, the term Rzeczpospolita literally means common cause or common concern. The term Rzeczpospolita explicitly refers to the aristocratic republic that existed until 1795 and is not a mere translation of the term republic, in Polish republika.
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The full name of Poland is Rzeczpospolita Polska, in German Republic of Poland.
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Poland is a member of the United Nations, the OSCE, NATO, the Council of Europe and the European Union.ĭenarius Princes Polonie defeated around 1000 AD Some of its citizens made important contributions to the natural and social sciences, mathematics, literature, film, and music. Located between Western and Eastern European cultural areas and characterized by an eventful history, the country developed a rich cultural heritage. In the Human Development Index Poland reaches a high level (2019: rank 32 with index value 0.872). In terms of gross domestic product, Poland ranks 22nd among the world's largest economies. Poland has been a member of the European Union since 2004 and is a strong economic force in Central Europe. Since 1952 as the People's Republic of Poland under Soviet influence, the country experienced a political and economic system change in 1989, especially as a result of the influence of the Solidarność movement. The invasion of the German Reich and the Soviet Union at the beginning of the Second World War and their rule of occupation cost the lives of millions of Polish citizens, especially Polish Jews. ĭeprived of its sovereignty by the neighboring states due to the three partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence with the Treaty of Versailles in 1918. During this time, in 1791, Europe's first modern constitution was drawn up. 1025 was the Kingdom of Poland established until 1569 by the Union of Lublin to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for the Royal Republic of Poland-Lithuania united and became one of the largest and most influential countries in Europe. A first documentary mention took place in 966 under the first historically attested Polish Duke Mieszko I, who opened the country to Christianity. In the early Middle Ages, tribes of the western Polans settled in parts of today's national territory as part of the migration of peoples. There is predominantly the oceanic climate in the north and west and the continental climate in the south and east of the country. With a size of 312,696 square kilometers, Poland is the sixth largest country in the European Union and with 38.5 million inhabitants the fifth most populous. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 voivodships. Other cities with over 400,000 inhabitants are Kraków ( Kraków ), Lodz ( Łódź ), Breslau ( Wrocław ), Poznan ( Poznań ), Danzig ( Gdańsk ) and Stettin ( Szczecin ). Capital and largest city of the country Warsaw ( Polish Warszawa ), the largest metropolitan area, the metropolitan region to Katowice ( Katowice ). Poland ( Polish Polska Listen ? / I, officially the Republic of Poland, Polish Rzeczpospolita Polska, ? / I ) is a parliamentary republic in Central Europe. The most important coastal waters, the largest lake and the highest mountain are also marked. Map of Poland with the capitals of the voivodeships.